![\"Skills](\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/assets/logos/SN_web_lightmode.png\")
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Python is an object-oriented language. There are many different types of objects in Python. Let's start with the most common object types: strings, integers and floats. Anytime you write words (text) in Python, you're using character strings (strings for short). The most common numbers, on the other hand, are integers (e.g. -1, 0, 100) and floats, which represent real numbers (e.g. 3.14, -42.0).
\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"39cfd308-b1e7-4ccb-a03d-bcf8e2385028","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["\n","![](\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%201/images/TypesObjects.png\")
\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"330cd543-6726-42d0-a37d-830ed5114332","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["The following code cells contain some examples.
\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"441502b9-f2ff-44d9-bb71-a758d21599ab","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Integer\n\n11"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"da05a56d-de99-4ff6-933e-cedc437118f7","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Float\n\n2.14"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"deaaf0cc-c285-42b2-81d8-a500dd40c787","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# String\n\n\"Hello, Python 101!\""]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"22fe6442-89f2-45c5-a8b5-9063644f105e","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["You can get Python to tell you the type of an expression by using the built-in type() function. You'll notice that Python refers to integers as int, floats as float, and character strings as str.
In the code cell below, use the type() function to check the object type of 12.0.\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"a6a25010-be95-484d-af70-8fbcb1f828bf","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Write your code below. Don't forget to press Shift+Enter to execute the cell\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"ca65ac8e-e192-49ee-a42b-5982e5faa473","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"20b28c9b-43ae-4551-be45-f4f4fe31aa76","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["### Integers\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"d5442b63-678b-4e84-bfd6-880aa462d0d3","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["Click here for the solution
\n","\n","```python\n","type(12.0)\n","\n","```\n","\n","
Here are some examples of integers. Integers can be negative or positive numbers:
\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"9127d727-0fdd-482a-8269-e7d78d1a5ce7","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["\n","![](\"https://cf-courses-data.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMDeveloperSkillsNetwork-PY0101EN-SkillsNetwork/labs/Module%201/images/TypesInt.png\")
\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"ab67258c-d33f-4c95-ac7c-f55f89321cb2","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["We can verify this is the case by using, you guessed it, the type() function:\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"23be65ff-7bae-4ba4-8d42-cb08e2b89406","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Print the type of -1\n\ntype(-1)"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"7b4f147f-f84b-4876-a32e-4d43950f58dc","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Print the type of 4\n\ntype(4)"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"fb4843a1-5c17-493d-ac9a-53501c27c74f","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Print the type of 0\n\ntype(0)"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"b2015388-d6a3-4455-8e09-527377c8923d","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["### Floats\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"306c5f30-c007-4b12-887a-f878fac5e64e","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["
Floats represent real numbers; they are a superset of integer numbers but also include \"numbers with decimals\". There are some limitations when it comes to machines representing real numbers, but floating point numbers are a good representation in most cases. You can learn more about the specifics of floats for your runtime environment, by checking the value of sys.float_info. This will also tell you what's the largest and smallest number that can be represented with them.
Once again, can test some examples with the type() function:\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"046923c7-58f0-4953-b5d0-9267599fa1e4","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Print the type of 1.0\n\ntype(1.0) # Notice that 1 is an int, and 1.0 is a float"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"85b7d61e-cdf6-4566-a6dd-32ad46946737","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Print the type of 0.5\n\ntype(0.5)"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"ff05e364-9135-4a2a-b811-11c867f4f339","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Print the type of 0.56\n\ntype(0.56)"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"aa1efaa2-ea3b-43f5-b7a4-55424fde59c3","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# System settings about float type\nimport sys\nsys.float_info"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"56d012cd-523c-4bef-9fa4-9bd6d6932e05","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["### Converting from one object type to a different object type\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"d1fd517f-74e8-46db-86ad-ed4b9da9b649","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["
You can change the type of the object in Python; this is called typecasting. For example, you can convert an integer into a float (e.g. 2 to 2.0).
\n","Let's try it:
\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"5cd6a5f8-7b37-4b83-a84d-a38bc3e6332c","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Verify that this is an integer\n\ntype(2)"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"20f1e7f0-7bf7-40a5-aae4-cfd396db30e8","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["#### Converting integers to floats\n","Let's cast integer 2 to float:
\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"f7270c2b-b175-497c-98c4-c9b71c60d4bf","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Convert 2 to a float\n\nfloat(2)"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"2a583c59-6cd4-444d-91df-365cd109e702","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Convert integer 2 to a float and check its type\n\ntype(float(2))"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"8c01246f-34bd-4536-a913-da7d589c25dc","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["When we convert an integer into a float, we don't really change the value (i.e., the significand) of the number. However, if we cast a float into an integer, we could potentially lose some information. For example, if we cast the float 1.1 to integer we will get 1 and lose the decimal information (i.e., 0.1):
\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"51e89f47-4d11-4aa2-8eda-c541f230387c","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Casting 1.1 to integer will result in loss of information\n\nint(1.1)"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"dfa021dd-2729-419d-8481-d6eb1a7dc796","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["Sometimes, we can have a string that contains a number within it. If this is the case, we can cast that string that represents a number into an integer using int():
But if you try to do so with a string that is not a perfect match for a number, you'll get an error. Try the following:
\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"3c9ea504-9533-421f-b62b-2f4e1af91dd8","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Convert a string into an integer with error\n\nint('1 or 2 people')"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"59157338-ae48-4b1d-8279-f0dd69f51852","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["You can also convert strings containing floating point numbers into float objects:
\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"31817561-e41a-4c43-8dbf-b5c1222f29c0","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Convert the string \"1.2\" into a float\n\nfloat('1.2')"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"8323fe00-2e3d-4f93-8017-db005b1406ac","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["'1.2') or double quotes (\"1.2\"), but you can't mix both (e.g., \"1.2').\n","If we can convert strings to numbers, it is only natural to assume that we can convert numbers to strings, right?
\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"c7805e10-8845-4a87-8830-2f272423d80a","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Convert an integer to a string\n\nstr(1)\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"c3971f74-c502-453c-9ae1-576fc8792d29","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["And there is no reason why we shouldn't be able to make floats into strings as well:
\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"e8a887de-8914-4edd-b56f-4bd9ec4808f3","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Convert a float to a string\n\nstr(1.2)"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"70833a72-274b-46e3-898e-76931b78fb3c","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["### Boolean data type\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"636476be-3973-4a0a-8db5-6dd60dd6b076","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["Boolean is another important type in Python. An object of type Boolean can take on one of two values: True or False:
Notice that the value True has an uppercase \"T\". The same is true for False (i.e. you must use the uppercase \"F\").
When you ask Python to display the type of a boolean object it will show bool which stands for boolean:
We can cast boolean objects to other data types. If we cast a boolean with a value of True to an integer or float we will get a one. If we cast a boolean with a value of False to an integer or float we will get a zero. Similarly, if we cast a 1 to a Boolean, you get a True. And if we cast a 0 to a Boolean we will get a False. Let's give it a try:
What is the data type of the result of: 6 / 2?
What is the type of the result of: 6 // 2? (Note the double slash //.)
\"Hello, World!\"\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"a44a08ee-209c-41eb-b967-e874d9bbc18d","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Write your code below. Don't forget to press Shift+Enter to execute the cell\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"c8275507-3f76-429e-9ac5-e802c84c9841","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["\"hello\" == \"world\"\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"dc8949a4-9195-4f4b-b0c2-b48bf11d7c18","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Write your code below. Don't forget to press Shift+Enter to execute the cell\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"481d83b8-3099-4bfc-b53d-6ec96815d6bf","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["Click here for the solution
\n","\n","```python\n","\n","type(\"hello\" == \"world\") \n","\n","```\n","\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"5dbefc2b-bc2b-4221-80a6-0850df8b1ead","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["Write the code to convert the following number representing employeeid **\"1001\"** to an integer\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"92132c04-d963-415f-9c0f-d61b306b68e1","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Write your code below. Don't forget to press Shift+Enter to execute the cell\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"825aa228-b62c-447a-9988-d99d16742657","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["Click here for the solution
\n","\n","```python\n","\n","int(\"1001\")\n","\n","```\n","\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"b3168188-2b0a-4aa4-baa3-5a0e5957f88d","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["Write the code to convert this number representing financial value **\"1234.56\"** to a floating point number\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"3037e86e-0295-4c66-8d11-6e3a82e20371","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Write your code below. Don't forget to press Shift+Enter to execute the cell\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"69446024-042c-4a62-b60f-b874840540cb","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["Click here for the solution
\n","\n","```python\n","\n","float(\"1234.56\")\n","\n","```\n","\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"1f621773-43d8-4ebe-82ff-1eeda04ce229","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["Write the code to convert this phone number **123-456-7890** to a string\n"]},{"cell_type":"code","id":"b0475481-b261-4f61-bea8-f6cd442264fd","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["# Write your code below. Don't forget to press Shift+Enter to execute the cell\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"fd085c04-64dc-4355-92e7-3651bdbf2116","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["Click here for the solution
\n","\n","```python\n","\n","str(\"123-456-7890\")\n","\n","```\n","\n","\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"f8831c89-1061-4a97-8fac-35ce4e3f182c","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["
\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"d1bcc821-e72c-4266-a1a9-84e2c3bf1b77","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["
\n","\n","Congratulations, you have completed your hands-on lab on Types in Python.\n","
\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"9f72c13b-a591-474a-a53f-02dc38373f19","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["## Author\n","\n","Joseph Santarcangelo\n","\n","\n","## Other contributors\n","\n","Mavis Zhou\n","\n","\n","\n","\n","\n","\n","## © IBM Corporation 2023. All rights reserved. \n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"160bada2-2531-4713-8def-e9699794d404","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["```toggle## Change Log\n","```\n","\n","\n","```toggle| Date (YYYY-MM-DD) | Version | Changed By | Change Description |\n","```\n","```toggle|---|---|---|---|\n","```\n","\n","```toggle| 2023-10-30 | 2.2 | Abhishek Gagneja| Updated instructions |\n","```\n","```toggle| 2022-01-10 | 2.1 | Malika | Removed the readme for GitShare|\n","```\n","```toggle| 2020-08-26 | 2.0 | Lavanya | Moved lab to course repo in GitLab |\n","```\n"]},{"cell_type":"markdown","id":"4f4251ce-4ca6-4a2b-8c68-098e6d5b4425","metadata":{},"outputs":[],"source":["```{toggle}## Change Log\n","```\n","\n","```{toggle}| Date (YYYY-MM-DD) | Version | Changed By | Change Description |\n","```\n","```{toggle}| ----------------- | ------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------- |\n","```\n","```{toggle}| 2022-01-10 | 2.1 | Malika | Removed the readme for GitShare |\n","```\n","```{toggle}| 2020-08-26 | 2.0 | Lavanya | Moved lab to course repo in GitLab |\n","```\n"]}],"metadata":{"kernelspec":{"display_name":"Python 3 (ipykernel)","language":"python","name":"python3"},"language_info":{"codemirror_mode":{"name":"ipython","version":3},"file_extension":".py","mimetype":"text/x-python","name":"python","nbconvert_exporter":"python","pygments_lexer":"ipython3","version":"3.11.7"},"prev_pub_hash":"26d702e745c6bdfe1c62980a4e90766c64ea727f70648bdbc5ef9a345a9fe0b6"},"nbformat":4,"nbformat_minor":4}